Secondary Storage

File Compression

File compression is the practice of packaging a file or files to use less disk space. The File Compression category includes software programs that will archive your files and extract archived files such as ZIP and RAR files. Many products in this category let you manage files and protect them with encryption. Notable titles include WinZip, WinRAR, and 7-Zip.





Head Crash

 

 

A head crash is a hard-disc failure that occurs when a read-white head of a hard disc drive comes in contact with its rotating platter, resulting in permanent and usually fatal damage to the magnetic media on the platter surface.

Internet Hard Drive

The sole purpose of an Internet hard drive is to offer a means of accessing your computer files (pictures, documents, music, videos, etc.) from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet. Similar to depositing money into your bank account, and later withdrawing that same money from any ATM machine, an Internet hard drive will allow you to "deposit" your computer files into a remote hard drive, and then later access those very same files from any other computer.


Optical Disc Drive

An Optical Disc Drive(ODD) is a disc drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical disc. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders. Recorders are sometimes called burnersor writers. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives.



Solid-state storage

Solid-state storage is a nonvolatile, removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits (ICs) rather than magnetic or optical media. It is the equivalent of large-capacity nonvolatible memory. Examples include flash memory, Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices and various proprietary removable packages intended to replace external hard drives.

Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard

An ergonomic keyboard is a computer keyboard designed with ergonomic considerations to minimize muscle strain and a host of related problems. The advantage of ergonomic keyboard may reduce muscle strain and reduce risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, but there is no clear evidence of benefit. After a user takes the time to adjust to this style of keyboard, these keyboards can make typing easier, faster and less awkward. Disadvantage is some ergonomic keyboards are highly priced, though not necessarily so. They may take a little practice to get used to, and many people don't want to go to the trouble of adjusting. These keyboards may take more space on your computer table and force the mouse to be farther away.


Ink-jet Printer

An ink-jet printer is a type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling variable-sized droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer and range from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines.





Laser Printer

A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers (MFPs), laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor.






Magnetic-ink character reader (MIR)

Magnetic-ink character reader is a character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. The technology allows computers to read information (such as account numbers) off of printed documents. Unlike barcodes or similar technologies, however, MICR codes can be easily read by humans.






Optical-character recognition(OCR)

Optical-character recognition is the mechanical or electronic translation of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text. It is widely used to convert books and documents into electronic files, to computerize a record-keeping system in an office, or to publish the text on a website. OCR makes it possible to edit the text, search for a word or phrase, store it more compactly, display or print a copy free of scanning artifacts, and apply techniques such as machine translation, text-to-speech and text mining to it. OCR is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial recognition and computer vision.


Optical-mark recognition (OMR)

Optical-mark recognition also called Optical Mark Reading and (OMR) is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.

system unit

Flash memory

Flash memory also known as Flash RAM sometimes. It is a type of constantly-powered nonvolatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed in units of memory called blocks. It is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and solid-states drive for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products.

Graphic cards

Graphic cards also refer to video card; it is a piece of hardware installed in a computer that is responsible for rendering the image on the computer’s monitor or display screen.

Sound cards

Sound cards also called audio card, it is a computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. Typical uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education, and entertainment (games).

Network interface card (NIC)

A network interface card (NIC) is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Personal computers and workstations on a local area network (LAN) typically contain a network interface card specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology, such as Ethernet or token ring. Network interface cards provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network. Most home and portable computers connect to the Internet through as-needed dial-up connection. The modem provides the connection interface to the Internet service provider.

Plug and Play

Plug and Play (PnP) is a capability developed by Microsoft for its Windows 95 and later operating systems that gives users the ability to plug a device into a computer and have the computer recognize that the device is there.

Bus line

Information from one unit to another unit which is one stop being to the computer.

HDMI

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) is a compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. It is a digital alternative to consumer analog standards, such as radio frequency (RF) coaxial cable, composite video, S-Video, SCART, D-Terminal, or VGA. HDMI supports, on a single cable, any uncompressed TV or PC video format, including standard, enhanced, and high definition video; up to 8 channels of compressed or uncompressed digital audio.

Cache memory

Cache memory is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. As the microprocessor processes data, it looks first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there (from a previous reading of data), it does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory.



Specialised Application Software

Audio Editing Software

Audio Editing Software is all programs that include play, record, cut, copy, paste and so on; this rating goes beyond the basic editing tools to include tools such as equalizers, processors, mixers, preset effects, filters as well as analyzing tools like the waveform or spectrogram.





Bitmap Image

A bitmap or pixmap is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images. The term bitmap comes from the computer programming terminology, meaning just a map of bits, a spatially mapped array of bits. Now, along with pixmap, it commonly refers to the similar concept of a spatially mapped array of pixels. Raster images in general may be referred to as bitmaps or pixmaps, whether synthetic or photographic, in files or memory.

HTML Editor

An HTML Editor is a software application for creating web pages. Although the HTML markup of a web page can be written with any text editor, specialized HTML editors can offer convenience and added functionality. For example, many HTML editors work not only with HTML, but also with related technologies such as CSS, XML and Javascript.

Multimedia

Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactivity content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance.

Vector Image

Vector images is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygons, which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics. Web AuthoringVector graphics formats are complementary to raster graphics, which is the representation of images as an array of pixel, as is typically used for the representation of photographic images.



Basic Application Software

Graphical User Interface(GUI)

A program interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphics capabilities to make the program easier to use. Well-designed graphical user interfaces can free the user from learning complex command languages. It also allows allows users to interact with programs in more ways than typing such as computers; hand-held, devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices; household appliances and office equipment with images rather than text commands.

Word Processor

A word processor also known as document preparation system is a computer application used for the production including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing of any sort of printable material. Word processing typically implies the presence of text manipulation functions that extend beyond a basic ability to enter and change text, such as indices of keywords and their page numbers.

Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet are computer programs that let you create and manipulate spreadsheets electronically. In a spreadsheet application, each value sits in a cell.You can define what type of data is in each cell and how different cells depend on one another. The relationships between cells are called formulas, and the names of the cells are called labels.

Database Management System(DBMS)

A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database.It allows organizations to place control of database development in the hands of database administrator and other specialists. It is also a system software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and files known as databases.

Utility Suites

Utility software is a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. allows users to do things like creating text documents, playing games, listening to music or surfing the web.

The Internet and the Web

File transfer protocol(FTP)

The File Transfer Protocol is a software standard for transferring computer files between machines with widely different operating systems. It belongs to the application layer of the internet protocol suite.

Objectives:

1. To promote sharing of files (computer programs and/or data).
2. To encourage indirect or implicit use of remote computers.
3. To shield a user from variations in file storage systems among different hosts.
4. To transfer data reliably and efficiently.

Disadvantages:

1. Passwords and file contents are sent in clear text, allowing eavesdropping which may be unwanted.
2. It is hard to filter active mode FTP traffic on the client side by using a firewall, since the client must open a random prot in order to make the connection. This problem is largely resolved by using passive mode FTP.
3. It is possible to tell a server to send to an arbitrary port of a third computer.

Plug-ins

A plug-ins is a computer  that can interact with another program to provide a certain function. Typical examples are plugins to display specific graphic formats for instance, SVG if the browser doesn´t include this format by default, to play multimedia files, to encrypt or decrypt email e.g. PGP, or to filter images in graphic programs. The main program which is a web browser or an lemail program provides a way for plugins to register themselves with the program, and a protocol by which data is exchanged with plugins.

Filters

A filter(software) is a computer program to process a data stream. Some operating system such as Unix are rich with filter programs. Even Windows has some simple filters built in to its Command shell, most of which have significant enhancements relative to the similar filter commands that were available in MS-DOS.

Internet Security Suit

A suite of utilities for maintaining the security of a Windows PC. For instance, antivirus, personal firewall, spam blocker and popup blocker which you have it in your computer.

 

Wiki

A wiki is a website that allows the easy creation and editing of any number of interlinked webpages via a web browser using a simplified markup language. Wikis are powered by wiki software and are often used to create collaborative wiki websites, to power community websites, for personal note taking, in corporate intranets, and in knowledge management systems.

 Javascripts

Javascript is an implementation of the ECMAScript language standard and is used to enable programmatic access to computational objects within the host environment. JavaScript is primarily used in the form of client-side Javascript , implemented as part of a web browser in order to provide enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. However, its use in applications outside web pages—for example in PDF-documents, site-specific browsers and deskstop widgest is also significant. Examples of javascript is HTML.

Applets

An applet is a program written in the Java programming language that can be included in an HTML page, much in the same way an image is included in a page. When you use a Java technology-enabled browser to view a page that contains an applet, the applet's code is transferred to your system and executed by the browser's Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

HTML

HTML which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. A markup language is a set of markup tags, and HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages.

URL

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locater is a Uniform Resource Identifier(URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and the merchanism for retrieving it. The best-known example of the use of URLs is for the addresses of web pages on the World Wide Web, such as http://www.example.com.

Careers in IT

     Webmaster

A webmaster is a person who either creates or manages the information content and organisation of a website or manages the computer server and technical programming aspects and of a website. Webmasters can be thought of as website administrators, as opposedm to network and systems administrators who handle the infrastructure behind the website. This is an individual who build, publishes, maintains and updates websites. It may sometimes function as the gatekeeper for what is published on the internet from a company or organisation.



Computer support specialist

What does a computer support specialist do? A computer support specialist  also known as technical support professionals assists users who are having problems with software, computers or peripherals such as printers or scanners. A computer support specialist must have strong communication, analytic and problem-solving skills. Their task may include overseeing the daily performance of computer systems, answering users inquiries regarding computer software or hardware operation to resolve problems. entering commands and onserving system functioning to verify correct operations and detect errors and so on.

Technical Writer

A technical writer also called a technical communicator is a professional writer who designs, creates and maintains technical docementations. This documentations includes online help, user guides, white papers, design specifications, system manuals and otehr documents. A technical writer porobably should have skill in information design, information architecture, typography, illustration and so on. They may be on any subject that requires explanation to a particular audiences.

Software engineer



Software engineer is an engineer who applies the principles of software engineerign to the design, developement, testing and evaluation of the software and systems that make computers or anything comtaining software such as computer ships or works. Software engineer is responsibility to support, maintain and document software functionality. They are also the one who designs, codes and debugges applications in variuos software languages.

Network administrator

A network administrator is a person who responsible for the maintenance of cmoputern hardware and software that comprises a computer network. This includes deploying, configuring, maintaining and monitoring active network equipment. One of the chief jobs of network administrator is connectivity. They are in charge of making sure that connectivity works for all users in their organisation and also for making sure of data security for connections to the internet is properly handled.



Data administrator

The individual or organization responsible for the specification, acquisition, and maintenance of data management software and the design, validation, and security of files or databases. Data administrator is in charge of the data dictionary and data model.